PECULIARITIES OF REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RARE SPECIES OF MALUS MILL. IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NATIONAL DENDROLOGICAL PARK "SOFIYIVKA" OF NAS OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53904/1682-2374/2023-25/16Keywords:
Яблуня, Червоний список МСОП, збереження ex situ, цвітіння, плодоношення, насінна продуктивність, життєздатність пилкових зеренAbstract
The re-search of rare and endangered species in ex situ conditions is among the measures and priority areasof activity of botanical gardens and dendrological parks in the field of plant protection, necessary for the preservation of phytodiversity. More than 25 species of Malus (most of which are intro-duced), and many cultivars, forms, and hybrids of apple trees, are cultivated and researched in the collections of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NDP "Sofiyivka"), some of them are classified in the IUCN Red List as "endangered" – M. niedzwetzkyana Dieck and "near threatened" – M. trilobata (Labill. ex Poir.) C.K.Schneid. A comparative analysis of the fertility and viability of pollen grains, potential, and real seed produc-tivity, was performed to identify factors that can affect the reproductive success of plants of the mentioned species, which are characterized in the IUCN according to the trend change of their num-bers. Plants of the species M. baccata (L.) Borkh., which has been assessed in the category "least concern" and in the group "stable" according to the trend of population size change, was used as a control option for evaluating reproductive characteristics. Ecological and biological features of plants and anthropogenic aspects that can lead to a decrease in the number of populations of rare and endangered species in natural habitats are discussed. In consideration of the fact that the repro-ductive success of all flowering plants, and representatives of the Malus genus in particular, which in natural areas propagated mainly by seed reproduction, a necessary condition for the success of which is the process of cross-pollination, due to recombination, provides the necessary gene flow between individual plants for the formation of adaptive potential individuals of plant populations, we investigated the qualitative characteristics of pollen grains and seed productivity of M. niedzwetz-kyana and M. trilobata plantsʹ in comparison with the indicators of M. baccata. It ascertained that the pollen fertility of M. niedzwetzkyana, M. trilobata, and M. baccata plants ranged from 79.8 to 92.4%, instead the viability of M. niedzwetzkyana and M. trilobata pollen grains was only 5.0 and 7.3%, respectively, which is significantly lower than the viability index of M. baccata plant pollen (62.9%). In terms of the number of ovules per fruit, the difference between species was insignificant, however, when examining the number of filled seeds in a fruit, the indicator of M. baccata was 5.7±2.0, which is more than twice as much as in M. niedzwetzkyana (2.6±1.1) and almost 600 times more than in M. trilobata. The obtained results give reason to believe that M. niedzwetzkyana plants adapted to the conditions of the "Sofiyivka" Park much better than M. trilobata, which can be ex-plained by the phylogenetic relationships of M. niedzwetzkyana to the widely cultivated species M. domestica (Suckow) Borkh.
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